17 January 2020
Word of the Day: Gallicanism
GALLICANISM. A cluster of doctrines, favored by the French Church, that
tended to limit the authority of the Pope in relation to the bishops, and to
subordinate the rights of the Church to the power of the State. The first exponents
of Gallicanism were the Franciscans William of Ockham, John of Jandun, and Marsilius
of Padua in the fourteenth century, who denied the divine origin of the papal
primacy and would subject its exercise to the will of civil authority. Gallicanism
became Conciliarism after the Great Western Schism, claiming the superiority
of council over the Pope, and promoted by John Gerson (1363-1429) and Peter
d'Ailly (1350-1420). The French Revolution drove the bishops into the arms of
the Pope and dealt a mortal blow to Gallicanism, but the basic idea was still
alive until the First Vatican Council formally condemned it in 1870.
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