XII. OF ORIGINAL SIN, AND OF ITS CONSEQUENCES,
OR OF THE WOUNDING OF HUMAN NATURE
No.
Why then does it exist now in man?
It exists in man now because of his fall (LXXXI.-LXXXIII.).
What do you mean by the fall of man?
By this is meant that state which followed upon the first sin of the first man, and which is the effect of this first sin (LXXXI. 1; LXXXII. 1).
Why are we now all in this state which followed upon the sin of Adam?
We are all in this state now because we received our nature from Adam (LXXXI. 1).
If Adam had not sinned would we have received our nature from him in another state?
Yes, if Adam had not sinned we would have received our nature from him in the state of integrity, or original justice (LXXXI. 2).
Is the state in which we now receive our nature from Adam a state of sin?
Yes, the state in which we now receive our nature from the first man is a state of sin (LXXXI. 1; LXXXII. 1).
Why is this nature which we now receive from Adam in a state of sin?
Because we receive it from him such as it really is, that is as affected by his sin (LXXXI. i).
And what is this state called?
It is called the state of original sin (ibid.).
By the very fact then that we receive our nature in this state from Adam, original sin is transmitted to each one of us?
Yes, it is by the very fact that we receive our nature in this state from Adam that original sin is transmitted to each one of us (ibid.).
What does this state of sin in which each one of us is born, and which is called original sin, entail?
It entails the privation of all the supernatural or gratuitous gifts which God had implanted in our nature in the person of Adam, our common father (LXXXII. 1).
What were these supernatural or gratuitous gifts, the privation of which constitutes in us the state of original sin?
These supernatural or gratuitous gifts were: first of all, sanctifying grace with the supernaturally infused virtues and the gifts of the Holy Spirit; and also the privilege of integrity which was associated with these supernatural gifts.
What did this privilege of integrity granted to the soul imply?
It implied the entire subordination of the senses to the reason and of the body to the soul.
What was the effect of this perfect subordination of the senses to reason and of the body to the soul?
The effect was that in man's sensitive appetite there could be no inordinate movement; and his body was rendered impassable and immortal.
Are death and all other bodily ailments the result of sin?
Yes, death and all other bodily ailments are the result of sin (LXXXIV. 5).
Next - The Catechism of the Summa - The Second Part:XII. OF ORIGINAL SIN, AND OF ITS CONSEQUENCES, OR OF THE WOUNDING OF HUMAN NATURE (B)
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