In a Somerset valley, one mill still turns. It has been grinding grain on the same spot for more than six hundred years. Kings came and went. The wheel kept turning.
The machine that does the work has no motor, no wiring, no fuel bill. It runs on falling water and a set of wooden gears a carpenter could have cut with a chisel. By every rule of modern engineering, a machine like that should have worn out and been scrapped generations ago. It didn't. And the reason it didn't is the part nobody tells you about medieval water power. Most of what you picture when you hear the word watermill is wrong. It was not a quaint wooden wheel. It was the most complex machine in the medieval world, and the villagers were often forbidden to build their own.
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