In an absolute monarchy, power is centralized. The monarch makes laws, enforces them, and interprets them. There are no separate branches of government like in many modern states. The idea is that a single, strong leader can make decisions quickly and efficiently.
Succession is usually hereditary, passing from parent to child. This can provide stability since everyone knows who the next leader will be. However, it also means that if the heir is not capable or just, the country could suffer. Which is why the monarchies have Royal families who, historically, tend to take care of their clansmen when they start destroying the country.
Apart from this, there are no formal constraints on the monarch’s power. Unlike constitutional monarchies, where laws and constitutions limit what the monarch can do, an absolute monarch doesn’t have such restrictions.
Their authority is often justified by the “divine right of kings,” the belief that they were chosen by God to rule.
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