St Apollinaris, Martyr Bishop of Ravenna

From Fr Alban Butler's Lives of the Saints.

ST. APOLLINARIS was the first bishop of Ravenna. Bede, in his true Martyrology, says that he sat twenty years, and was crowned with martyrdom in the reign of Vespasian. His acts say that he was a disciple of St. Peter, and made by him bishop of Ravenna. Although their authority deserves little regard, this circumstance must be allowed, being agreeable to the time, and supported by other authorities. St. Peter Chrysologus, the most illustrious among his successors, has left us a sermon in honor of our saint, 1 in which he often styles him a martyr; but he adds, that although he frequently spilled portions of his blood from him for the faith, and ardently desired to lay down his life for Christ, yet God preserved him a long time to his Church from him, and did not suffer the persecutors to take away his life from him. So he seems to have only been a martyr by the torments he endured for Christ, which he survived at least some days. His body lay first at Classis, four miles from Ravenna, still a kind of suburb to that city, and its sea-port, until it was choked up by the sands. In the year 549 his relics were removed into a more secret vault in the same church, as an inscription still extant there testifies. See Mabillon.2 St. Fortunatus exhorted his friends to make pilgrimages to his tomb, and St. Gregory the Great ordered parties in doubtful suits at law to be sworn before it. Pope Honorius built a church under his name in Rome about the year 630. It occurs in all Martyrologies, and the high veneration which the Church paid early to his memory of him is a sufficient testimony of his eminent sanctity and apostolic spirit of him .

The virtue of the saints was true and heroic, because humble, and proof against all trials. That of the Heathen philosophers was lame, and generally false and counterfeit, whence Tertullian calls the latter, Traders in fame. “Where is now the similarity,” says he, “between a philosopher and a Christian? a disciple of Greece and of heaven? a trader in fame, and a saver of souls?* between a man of words, and a man of works?” And St. Jerom writes, “A philosopher is an animal of fame, one who basely drudges for the breath of the people.”† Lactantius severely rallies Cicero, because, although he was very sensitive of the vanity of the worship then established, yet he would not have that truth told the people for fear of unhinging the religion of the state. “Now what is to be done with a man,” says our Christian philosopher, “who knows himself in an error, yet willfully dashes upon a rock, that the people may do so too? who makes no use of his wisdom for the regulation of his life, but he entangles himself to teach others, who, as the wiser person, he was obliged to rescue from error? But O Cicero, if you have any regard for virtue, attempt rather to deliver the people out of ignorance. It is a noble enterprise, and worthy all your powers of eloquence Never fear but your oratory will hold out in so good a cause, which never failed you in the defense of so many bad ones. But Socrates's prison is the thing you dread; and therefore truth must want a patron; but certainly, as a wise man, you ought to despise death in competition with truth; and you had fallen much more honorably by speaking well of truth, than by speaking ill of Antony; nor will you ever rise to that height of glory by your Philippics, as you would have done by laboring to undeceive the world, and dispute the people into their senses.”3 The philosophers did not love truth well enough to suffer for it. Plate dissembled, for fear of Socrates's hemlock; but the Christian religion raised its professors above all considerations present, for the joy that was set before them.