In this episode, we discuss the centuries long conflict between the House of Welf and the House of Hohenstaufen, later the Wars of the Guelphs and the Ghibellines: The Arab conquest of Sicily and the subsequent Norman conquest and the foundation of the Kingdom of Sicily under Roger II, the reign of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and his defeat by the Lombard League, the conflict between Emperor Frederick II (Stupor Mundi) and the Papacy leading to the end of the house of Hohenstaufen and the collapse of Imperial authority.
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