His Catholic Majesty Ferdinand VII, King of Spain, came to the throne first in 1808 with the abdication of his father King Carlos IV. He had hoped to have the support of the French but Napoleon turned on him, placed him under house arrest and put his brother Joseph on the throne. War engulfed Spain between the French and those fighting in the name of Fernando VII. The war was won but internal conflicts followed as Fernando VII tried to reassert his absolute authority and maintain the Spanish empire in the Americas. He held his power but lost his colonies and in 1820 another civil war flared up that required help from his Bourbon cousin the King of France to put down. Fernando VII died in 1833 and would be remembered as Spain's last absolute monarch.
From The Mad Monarchist (17 June 2012)
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